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From Kaṇāda to Rutherford: Tracing the Evolution of Atomic Theory
The evolution of atomic theory is a long and winding road that has been travelled by some of the greatest minds in history. It began with the ancient Indians in 600 BC who gave the concept of “Parmanu” to Greeks who first proposed that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles. The 19th and 20th centuries saw significant advances in our understanding of atoms. READ MORE...
Random Event
A random event refers to an unpredictable occurrence that has no discernible pattern or predetermined outcome. It is an event whose outcome cannot be reliably predicted or determined based on prior information or knowledge. Random events are commonly encountered in various fields, including statistics, probability theory, and everyday life. Some examples of random events include: Flipping a Coin: The outcome of a coin toss, whether it lands on heads or tails, is a random event. Each toss has a 50% chance of resulting in either outcome. Rolling a Dice: The number that appears on a rolled dice is a random event. The outcome can be any number from 1 to 6, with each number having an equal chance of occurring. […] READ MORE...
Least Significant and Most Significant Bit
For a binary representation of a number, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) is the binary 1s place or simply the rightmost bit. The Most Significant Bit (MSB) is the highest-order place of the binary integer or the left-most bit. Consider the binary number 10110010(178 in decimal form). Its LSB and MSB are shown below. 1 (MSB)0110010 (LSB) READ MORE...
Static and Dynamic Typed System
A Type in programming is used to refer to the data type such as int, char, or user-defined structured data types. A Static type programming language is one where the data type of the variable is known before the execution of the program. This is done during the compilation of the code. In Dynamic type programming language, the data type of a variable is not known till the program is executed. C, C++, Java, Fortran, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal are some examples of Statically Typed Language Perl, Python, Julia, Windows PowerShell are some examples of Dynamically Typed Language READ MORE...
Strong and Weak Type Systems
A strongly typed system is one that does not allow the conversion of data types during execution, in case there is a mismatch. For instance, if “18” is presented for an integer variable instead of 18, the system raises an error. Perl, Ruby, Python and Pascal are examples of strongly typed systems. In a Weakly typed system, the program allows flexibility to a certain degree for data type conversion. Such conversion may involve conversions from char to strings, integers to strings, decimals to integers or floats and so on. Shell, JavaScript, C, C++, and SQL are some examples of weakly typed systems. READ MORE...